ARCCA’s biomechanical experts have conducted significant testing of low-speed crashes, as well as the corresponding forces that impact the human body and the resulting effects on the body. As an example, we conducted full-scale crash tests on the Horizontal Accelerator which were focused on a lumbar study for in-position and out-of-position occupants in rear collisions experiencing a 5 delta-V. The results of this testing found that the lumbar loads were well within tolerable limits and were published in a peer-reviewed paper.